Canadian building code question

What are the building code requirements for tactile walking surface indicators in Canada?

Tactile walking surface indicators (TWSIs) are required at the top of stairs and ramps on barrier-free paths of travel, and at other hazardous locations as specified by the code. The NBC references CSA B651 for TWSI design, colour contrast, and placement requirements.

Tactile walking surface indicators are raised truncated domes or bars installed in floor surfaces to warn visually impaired people of hazards like stairs, ramps, and platform edges. The NBC requires TWSIs at specific locations on barrier-free paths of travel, and CSA B651 provides the detailed design standard for the indicator pattern, size, spacing, and colour contrast.

What to check first

  • Identify all locations where TWSIs are required on the barrier-free path of travel, including the top of stairs, the top of ramps, and other hazard points.
  • Check the CSA B651 standard for the specific TWSI pattern (truncated dome), dimensions, spacing, depth, and colour contrast requirements.
  • Verify that the TWSI material is durable, slip-resistant, and provides adequate contrast with the surrounding floor surface in both colour and texture.

Jurisdiction notes

National baseline

The NBC requires TWSIs at the top of stairways and ramps on barrier-free paths of travel. CSA B651 is referenced for the design, dimensions, and placement requirements.

Provincial accessibility

Ontario (AODA), BC, and other provinces may require TWSIs in additional locations such as transit platforms, pedestrian crossings, and building entrances.

Existing buildings

TWSI requirements for existing buildings depend on the scope of renovation and provincial accessibility legislation. Major renovations may trigger TWSI installation at all applicable locations.

Work through it in this order

  1. Map the barrier-free path of travel through the building and identify all stair tops, ramp tops, and hazard points.
  2. Specify TWSIs at each required location per the NBC and CSA B651 dimensions, pattern, and placement requirements.
  3. Select a TWSI product that provides the required colour contrast (minimum 70% contrast with surrounding surface) and slip resistance.
  4. Coordinate TWSI installation with the flooring contractor to ensure flush installation and durable adhesion or embedment.

Common questions

Where are tactile indicators required in a building?

At minimum, the NBC requires TWSIs at the top of stairways and ramps on barrier-free paths of travel. Provincial codes may require them at additional locations including building entrances and hazardous vehicle areas.

What colour should tactile indicators be?

TWSIs must contrast with the surrounding floor surface. CSA B651 specifies a minimum contrast ratio. The most common approach is a bright yellow indicator on a dark floor, but other high-contrast combinations are acceptable.

Are directional tactile indicators (bars) required inside buildings?

The NBC primarily requires attention/warning indicators (truncated domes) at hazard points. Directional indicators (elongated bars) are more commonly required in transit applications and outdoor pedestrian areas.