Canadian building code question

What is the maximum ramp slope allowed under the Canadian building code?

The maximum ramp slope depends on the ramp's function — barrier-free access, egress, or general use — and how the province adopts the accessibility and means-of-egress provisions. Barrier-free ramps typically have a stricter slope limit than ramps serving only egress or general circulation.

Ramp slope is a common plan-review item because it directly affects accessibility, egress capacity, and user safety. The code sets different slope limits depending on whether the ramp is part of the barrier-free path of travel, an exit, or general circulation. Landing, width, and handrail requirements also change with the ramp condition. Confirm the ramp function first, then verify the applicable slope limit.

What to check first

  • Barrier-free ramps have a stricter maximum slope than ramps that serve only egress or general circulation.
  • Ramp length, landings, width, and handrail requirements are companion provisions that must be checked alongside the slope limit.
  • Provincial adoption and accessibility standards can set a stricter slope or add design conditions beyond the national model.

Jurisdiction notes

National baseline

Start with the NBC barrier-free design and means-of-egress provisions to identify the applicable ramp slope limit for the ramp's function.

Province and accessibility standards

Confirm whether the province adopts a stricter ramp slope through accessibility legislation or code amendments.

Project-specific variables

Ramp function, ramp length, rise, landing conditions, width, handrail requirements, and exterior vs. interior location can all affect the applicable slope and design requirements.

Work through it in this order

  1. Identify the ramp's function — barrier-free access, egress, or general circulation — and whether it is interior or exterior.
  2. Review the NBC provisions for the applicable slope limit, including landing frequency, ramp width, and handrail requirements.
  3. Check provincial accessibility standards for stricter slope limits or additional design conditions.
  4. Verify that the ramp design meets all companion requirements — landings, handrails, edge protection, and surface conditions — before finalizing.

Common questions

Is the ramp slope the same for barrier-free access and egress?

Not necessarily. Barrier-free access ramps typically have a stricter slope limit than ramps serving only egress or general circulation. Check the applicable provision for each function.

Does the code require landings on ramps?

Yes. The code requires landings at the top and bottom of ramps and at intervals along the ramp length. The landing size and frequency depend on the ramp's function and the applicable code provision.

Do exterior ramps have different requirements?

Exterior ramps may face additional requirements for surface treatment, drainage, and slip resistance, depending on the jurisdiction. The slope limit is typically the same, but verify provincial standards.